Normative percentile values for the TGMD-3 for Italian children aged 3–11+ years

Objectives: Sufficient gross motor skill proficiency is an essential prerequisite for the successful performance of sport-specific skills and physical activities. The Test of Gross Motor Development is the most common tool for assessing motor skills in paediatric populations, however, there is a lack of ‘normative’ data available against which children’s scores can be compared. Normative data would enable the comparison of an individual’s motor development to age-standardised norms. The aim o...

Sex Differences in Gross Motor Competence in Italian Children Aged 3–11 Years: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract: Background/Objectives: In recent years, there has been a significant increase in studies examining motor learning during preschool age and the early years of primary school. This study aimed to investigate sex differences in gross motor competence among Italian children aged 3–11 years. Methods: A convenience sample of 8500 children (mean age = 8.37 years, SD = 1.98; 50% female) was included in this cross-sectional study. Gross motor skills were assessed using the Italian version of...

GEOGRAPHICAL STUDIES IN EARLY 19th CENTURY NAPLES THE DIDACTIC VISION AND CULTURAL ROLE OF FERDINANDO DE LUCA

Breaking Down the 3 × 3 Basketball Game: How Tournament Phase, Game Outcome, and Final Score Margin Impact Physiological, Perceptual, and Mental Demands

Purpose: To evaluate heart rate (HR), perceived exertion, and mental effort (ME) in 3 × 3 male basketball games according to tournament phase, game outcome, and final score margin. Methods: Forty-one adult male 3 × 3 players (tiers 2-3) were monitored across 3 tournaments. Microsensors quantified average HR and peak HR responses during gameplay. Additionally, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and ME scores were collected after games. Separate linear mixed models analyzed the effect of tourn...