Assessment of the impact of an inclusive diving program, on subjects with cognitive disability: analysis of the enhancement of cognitive processes

Abstract: This research focuses on a diving project on individuals with cognitive disabilities through scuba diving experiences. The work establishes the collaboration of the Heracle research laboratory of the N. Cusano University with DDI, an international organization engaged in diving programs for disabled people. DDI offers the opportunity to experience moments of confrontation with other divers in experiences of strong emotional impact, as well as to acquire a valid patent at international level. The study focuses on the management of relationships, connections and communication between students and instructors with a strong inclusive value using simplified and international teaching. It is defined as "simplified" because it is an adaptation of the method used in diving for the able-bodied. It has been adapted to the specific needs of the disability to make it intuitive and easily replicable. It is a method recognized and shared internationally by diving specialists, in fact, this feature makes the system inclusive. The observation of the motivational dynamic to the hypothesized immersion is deepened, strictly correlated to the warm cognition; the analysis of emotional problems induced by the underwater experience, such as anxiety and panic, their management and the transformation of these feelings from problem to resource. Starting from the hypothesis concerning the neural networks involved in the processes, which from sensation lead to perception and cognition, this research aims to demonstrate how their intersection with movement and action can enhance cognitive processes such as attention and learning, correlating the development of new acquisitions, the strengthening of autonomy and the improvement of the quality of life. Three tests of the Nepsy II battery were administered experimentally to the original sample, concerning: the understanding process of emotions; the visual attention; the comprehension of the task (sub-tests parameterised in Morsanuto’s article). An observation card was filled in by the instructors to monitor the effect of the activity on the participants. All the tests were administered individually at the beginning and at the conclusion of the diving course which lasted nine months with twice weekly frequency.