Effects of an exercise programme on strength, balance and endurance in the elderly population: a pilot study.

Population ageing leads to a progressive decline in functional abilities, with significant impacts on the independence and quality of life of older people. Structured physical activity is an effective tool for counteracting these processes; however, there is still limited evidence regarding possible differences in response to exercise between older men and women. The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the effects of a structured physical activity program on muscle strength, cardiorespiratory endurance and balance in the elderly population, analysing any gender differences. Twenty-five functionally independent elderly subjects participated in the study. The experimental protocol, lasting six months with twice-weekly sessions, included progressive strength, endurance and balance exercises. Functional abilities were assessed before and after the intervention using validated tests. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Both men and women showed significant improvements in all variables analysed. In particular, increases in upper and lower limb strength, cardiorespiratory endurance and improvements in static and dynamic balance were observed, with a reduction in execution times and number of errors. Men performing better in strength tests and women in balance tests. The results confirm the effectiveness of a structured physical activity program in improving the functional physical abilities of older adults, regardless of gender. The intervention proves to be a valid tool for promoting active ageing and functional autonomy, highlighting the importance of exercise programs that are adapted and sensitive to gender differences.