Near Naples there is a volcanic origin cave known as the Grotta del Cane, or Cave of the Dog, where a mysterious vapour, hanging low to the ground, could kill (notably, the namesake dogs). For many centuries, scholars from all over the world (mainly Europe, naturally) were drawn there to witness the famous phenomenon, which allowed people to see with their own eyes the passage from life to death just by means of an animal’s respiration. (Many dogs died demonstrating the mortal threat at play). The simple reason for this deadly hazard was invisible because it was a transparent gas, revealing its dangerous properties by entering the body in an unknown manner. The deadly effect on a dog was not always the test case; many different kinds of scientific experiments were performed by local scholars for foreign visitors, and the grotto quickly and widely became a notable site for chemical studies. The goal of this paper is to describe by means of travel journals, chemical writings, books about volcanic elements, reports about experiments en plein air the history of the Cave of the Dog as a site of scientific enquiry about gases from the late XVII century to the early XIX.

La grotte du chien : un laboratoire européen des connaissances chimiques avant la création de laboratoires institutionnels à Naples

GUERRA C
2020-01-01

Abstract

Near Naples there is a volcanic origin cave known as the Grotta del Cane, or Cave of the Dog, where a mysterious vapour, hanging low to the ground, could kill (notably, the namesake dogs). For many centuries, scholars from all over the world (mainly Europe, naturally) were drawn there to witness the famous phenomenon, which allowed people to see with their own eyes the passage from life to death just by means of an animal’s respiration. (Many dogs died demonstrating the mortal threat at play). The simple reason for this deadly hazard was invisible because it was a transparent gas, revealing its dangerous properties by entering the body in an unknown manner. The deadly effect on a dog was not always the test case; many different kinds of scientific experiments were performed by local scholars for foreign visitors, and the grotto quickly and widely became a notable site for chemical studies. The goal of this paper is to describe by means of travel journals, chemical writings, books about volcanic elements, reports about experiments en plein air the history of the Cave of the Dog as a site of scientific enquiry about gases from the late XVII century to the early XIX.
2020
L’objectif de cette étude est de démontrer qu’à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, dans le royaume de Naples, nombre d’érudits et de savants locaux et étrangers – notamment français – font des productions volcaniques et du processus éruptif de véritables outils de recherches chimiques, en particulier à la Grotte du chien. Avant le règne de Joachim-Napoléon Murat (1808-1815), Naples n’avait aucun lieu consacré à la recherche dans le domaine de la chimie, mais deux lieux servaient néanmoins de cadre aux débats chimiques. L’un, institutionnel et « national » mais tardif, était l’Académie militaire de la Nunziatella, où deux professeurs donnèrent la première traduction italienne du Traité élémentaire de chimie de A.-L. Lavoisier, pour adapter la formation des artilleurs aux nouvelles théories. L’autre, naturel et ouvert à la sagacité des savants et amateurs de toute l’Europe depuis plusieurs décennies, était le complexe volcanique du Vésuve. Les nombreuses descriptions des éruptions de la dernière décennie du siècle ont presque toutes en commun de considérer la chimie comme le substrat scientifique des phénomènes. L’approche napolitaine de la chimie en subit ainsi l’influence en tant que « lieu de savoirs ». Pour les savants napolitains, les réactions chimiques du complexe vésuvien confirmaient parfaitement la « nouvelle chimie » française, avec les instruments de laquelle ils intervinrent notamment dans la question de l’alimentation, si importante pour la santé et l’ordre public, tout en améliorant leurs outils analytiques et leurs pratiques par l’étude et l’exploitation in situ des produits volcaniques. Mais surtout, les savants européens qui visitaient Naples étaient rarement de « purs » chimistes. À la Grotte du chien, les pratiques des savants et agents français, les observations et expériences qu’ils menèrent ou mandatèrent durant plusieurs décennies connectaient matériellement études érudites, travail manuel, pharmacologie, intérêts industriels et curiosités d’histoire naturelle.
Grotto
gas exhalations
laboratory
geochemistry
amateurs
Taitbout
Réaumur
Grotte
gaz exhalaisons
laboratoire
géochimie
amateurs
Taitbout
Réaumur
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12607/74269
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