This article analyzes the situation of unaccompanied foreign minors (UFMs) in the international and regional migration protection system, highlighting their vulnerability and critical issues. Despite the existence of a broad body of legislation based on the principle of the best interests of the child, UFMs remain systematically marginalized in migration policies due to the tension between the protection of fundamental rights and border control logic. The article reconstructs the main international and European Union legal instruments, exploring key issues such as age assessment and determination, the appointment of guardians, asylum procedures, family reunification, detention, and imprisonment. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the New European Pact on Migration and Asylum, which, while formally reaffirming the protection of minors, risks undermining its scope through accelerated procedures and security measures. From a comparative perspective, innovative international practices are highlighted, such as the Canadian model of community sponsorship, which combines protection and integration. The work supports the need for a paradigm shift: moving beyond the emergency and security approach to adopt inclusive policies that value migrant minors as subjects of rights and resources for the future of host societies.
L’articolo analizza la condizione dei minori stranieri non accompagnati (MSNA) nel sistema di protezione internazionale e regionale, evidenziandone la vulnerabilità e le principali criticità. Nonostante l’esistenza di un ampio apparato normativo basato sul principio del superiore interesse del minore, i MSNA restano sistematicamente marginalizzati nelle politiche migratorie a causa della tensione tra la tutela dei diritti fondamentali e le logiche di controllo delle frontiere. Il contributo ricostruisce i principali strumenti giuridici internazionali e dell’Unione Europea, esplorando nodi cruciali quali l’accertamento dell’età, la nomina dei tutori, le procedure di asilo, il ricongiungimento familiare e il trattenimento. Particolare attenzione è rivolta all'impatto del Nuovo Patto europeo sulla migrazione e l'asilo che, pur riaffermando formalmente la protezione dei minori, rischia di indebolirne la portata attraverso procedure accelerate e misure di carattere securitario. In una prospettiva comparata, vengono messe in luce pratiche internazionali innovative, come il modello canadese della sponsorizzazione comunitaria (community sponsorship), che coniuga protezione e integrazione. Il lavoro sostiene la necessità di un cambio di paradigma: superare l’approccio emergenziale e securitario per adottare politiche inclusive che valorizzino i minori migranti come soggetti di diritti e risorse per il futuro delle società ospitanti.
La tutela dei minori non accompagnati in Europa: quadro giuridico, pratiche di accoglienza e prospettive di integrazione
Michele Corleto
2025-01-01
Abstract
This article analyzes the situation of unaccompanied foreign minors (UFMs) in the international and regional migration protection system, highlighting their vulnerability and critical issues. Despite the existence of a broad body of legislation based on the principle of the best interests of the child, UFMs remain systematically marginalized in migration policies due to the tension between the protection of fundamental rights and border control logic. The article reconstructs the main international and European Union legal instruments, exploring key issues such as age assessment and determination, the appointment of guardians, asylum procedures, family reunification, detention, and imprisonment. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the New European Pact on Migration and Asylum, which, while formally reaffirming the protection of minors, risks undermining its scope through accelerated procedures and security measures. From a comparative perspective, innovative international practices are highlighted, such as the Canadian model of community sponsorship, which combines protection and integration. The work supports the need for a paradigm shift: moving beyond the emergency and security approach to adopt inclusive policies that value migrant minors as subjects of rights and resources for the future of host societies.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
