In the urban areas the mobility system is strategic for its working and it is composed of a series of territorial closely interrelated elements. Among these the parking is one of the most important and its organization is a key point of an appropriate planning of mobility: this importance is malinly due to its character of attractor of vehicular flows. The structure of large and medium sized Italian cities imposes many constraints to the creation and the use of parking areas for their impact on the urban liveability; the problem is the the organization of the whole city, the correct location of the areas and the opportunity to regulate the access to certain areas: infact the programming of parking areas can have strong repercussions on the city. Another element can be considered: the choice to build parking areas in the center of the towns is in logical conflict with the traffic limiting policies, because the infrastructure, if built, can be used and the investment must be repaid; on the other hand, the decision that some sensitive areas should not be affected by parking infrastructure produces the necessity to strengthen other public services: the question is not only physical (space availability), but it is related with the distribution of opportunities and equipments, so if the center is better served by public transport, the periphery must be served by other infrastructures. As said, the choice of sites for parking’s location and the determination of their operating characteristics can have strong impacts on the organization and the liveability of the city itself; it follows the necessity of a close connection with the urban planning and an attention to the morphological characters of the different parts of the city. The tools for planning the mobility and, within it, the parking system, are several. The Urban Mobility Plan is the newest among them; it is a strategic tool because its effects are gathered on the system as a whole and it assumes an overall rationalization and development of networks and vehicles. The paper deepens the characters of this tool, starting from the legislative forecasts, and thereafter on the basis of case-studies. The first part analyses the notions connected with the urban structure, the mobility and the parking system. In the second step the prescriptive aspects are analysed: the Urban Mobility Plan and the Urban Parking Program are deepen in relation with their main aspects and in relation whit the parking problems. The third part analyses two case-studies; the cases highlights the different application philosophy, in particular for the connection between urban areas and parking system. At least, in the fourth part, are analysed techniques and tools for solving the parking’ problem, the different modalities for its organization and the management techniques aimed at encouraging more correct behaviors in relation to the different urban areas.
Il sistema della mobilità in area urbana è strategico per il funzionamento di qualunque città. Esso è composto da un sistema di parti e di funzioni interrelate strettamente con il territorio di riferimento; tra queste funzioni la sosta rappresenta un’attività primaria e la sua organizzazione e pianificazione un punto nodale di una corretta pianificazione della mobilità: questo a causa, principalmente, della sua caratteristica fondamentale, ossia l’essere attrattore di flussi veicolari. La scelta dei siti dove localizzare le strutture per la sosta e la determinazione delle relative caratteristiche gestionali va effettuata con una particolare attenzione agli impatti sulla organizzazione e sulla vivibilità della città stessa, il che si traduce in una stretta connessione con la pianificazione urbanistica e in una considerazione profonda dei caratteri morfologici delle diverse parti che compongono la città. Diversi sono gli strumenti di programmazione del sistema della mobilità e, al suo interno, della sosta. Il Piano Urbano della Mobilità è l’ultimo nato tra questi ed è uno strumento prevalentemente strategico in quanto agisce sul sistema nel suo complesso ipotizzando una generale razionalizzazione ed evoluzione di reti e mezzi. L’articolo approfondisce i caratteri di questo strumento, a partire dalle previsioni legislative ed in relazione a specifici casi applicativi. In particolare, la prima parte analizza i concetti che sono alla base delle relazioni tra città, mobilità urbana e regolazione della sosta. Nella seconda parte si analizzano gli aspetti normativi, ossia il Piano Urbano della Mobilità, anche in relazione ad uno strumento che lo ha preceduto e che era specificamente indirizzato alla programmazione delle infrastrutture per la sosta, il Programma Urbano dei Parcheggi. La terza parte analizza due casi di applicazione dello strumento, relativi alle città di Ferrara e Perugia con lo scopo di evidenziare le diverse opzioni che si aprono davanti al pianificatore nel momento in cui è necessario applicare lo strumento teorico ad una specifica realtà urbana. Infine, nella quarta parte, sono messe in evidenza alcune delle tecniche e degli strumenti utilizzabili per la risoluzione del problema della sosta in relazione ai tipi di sosta, alle diverse modalità per la sua organizzazione e alle tecniche di gestione indirizzate a favorire comportamenti più corretti in relazione ai diversi ambiti urbani.
Pianificazione della mobilità e sosta. L'attuazione del Piano Urbano della Mobilità
MAZZEO G
2009-01-01
Abstract
In the urban areas the mobility system is strategic for its working and it is composed of a series of territorial closely interrelated elements. Among these the parking is one of the most important and its organization is a key point of an appropriate planning of mobility: this importance is malinly due to its character of attractor of vehicular flows. The structure of large and medium sized Italian cities imposes many constraints to the creation and the use of parking areas for their impact on the urban liveability; the problem is the the organization of the whole city, the correct location of the areas and the opportunity to regulate the access to certain areas: infact the programming of parking areas can have strong repercussions on the city. Another element can be considered: the choice to build parking areas in the center of the towns is in logical conflict with the traffic limiting policies, because the infrastructure, if built, can be used and the investment must be repaid; on the other hand, the decision that some sensitive areas should not be affected by parking infrastructure produces the necessity to strengthen other public services: the question is not only physical (space availability), but it is related with the distribution of opportunities and equipments, so if the center is better served by public transport, the periphery must be served by other infrastructures. As said, the choice of sites for parking’s location and the determination of their operating characteristics can have strong impacts on the organization and the liveability of the city itself; it follows the necessity of a close connection with the urban planning and an attention to the morphological characters of the different parts of the city. The tools for planning the mobility and, within it, the parking system, are several. The Urban Mobility Plan is the newest among them; it is a strategic tool because its effects are gathered on the system as a whole and it assumes an overall rationalization and development of networks and vehicles. The paper deepens the characters of this tool, starting from the legislative forecasts, and thereafter on the basis of case-studies. The first part analyses the notions connected with the urban structure, the mobility and the parking system. In the second step the prescriptive aspects are analysed: the Urban Mobility Plan and the Urban Parking Program are deepen in relation with their main aspects and in relation whit the parking problems. The third part analyses two case-studies; the cases highlights the different application philosophy, in particular for the connection between urban areas and parking system. At least, in the fourth part, are analysed techniques and tools for solving the parking’ problem, the different modalities for its organization and the management techniques aimed at encouraging more correct behaviors in relation to the different urban areas.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
